Japan offers a many types of accommodation. Western style and Japanese style hotels are found throughout the country, and they vary in price according to their standard, location and service.
Below you can read about the different types of accommodations.

Western style hotel:
Similar to the ones we have in Europe and the rest of the world, western style hotels are found in all major cities in Japan. Many international and Japanese hotel chains are well established, and they offer the usual facilities such as conference rooms, fitness rooms, restaurants, hospitality desks and business centers.
The staff is well trained to meet international standard, and good English is spoken. The rooms are large, which makes your stay in Japan more comfortable and the hotels are usually located near a major train station, so you are able to get around with ease.

Business hotel:
Common in Japan are the Business Hotels. They are small simple hotels with small western style rooms. They are a good option for budget travelers, who do not have the need for fitness or conference rooms. Food is usually provided with vending machines or in a small restaurant in the lobby area. English can be limited, but they are able to handle the daily tasks. The hotels are often located near a subway or train station, so you have easy access to other parts of the town.

Minshuku:
Minshuku are Japanese style bed and breakfasts, which are usually family operated. They offer visitors a good opportunity to meet a local family and experience the traditional Japanese lifestyle. Like in a ryokan, guests stay in Japanese style rooms, sleep on a futon and have the opportunity to take a Japanese bath. Dinner and breakfast are sometimes included. 
There are normally  no private facilities in the rooms, so toilets and baths are usually shared in the hall way.

Ryokan:
Ryokan are Japanese style inns. They come in all sizes and are found across Japan. A stay at a ryokan is highly recommended to all visitors to Japan, as it offers the opportunity to experience a traditional Japanese atmosphere.
Guests stay in Japanese style rooms with tatami floor and a low table. Shoes are usually removed at the ryokan's main entrance, where slippers will be kept ready. You are supposed to remove even your slippers before stepping onto tatami mats.
Dinner and breakfast are included in the overnight stay, except at some no-frills establishments. Some ryokan serve meals in the guest room, while others serve them in separate dining areas. Both meals are in Japanese style and often feature regional and seasonal specialties.
Some ryokans do not have private bath and toilet in rooms, so they are shared in the hall way. More expencive ryokans have installed either toilet, or bath and toilet in all rooms.